• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Semisubmersible platform for marine wind turbines. The present invention relates to a semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines that has been developed with an optimized geometry, presenting a low center of gravity, which is adaptable, largely achieved thanks to a design that offers a high ballasting capacity in the part bottom of the platform thanks to the developed geometry, and with it, a high stability and excellent behavior at sea. Additionally, the semi-submersible platform defined in the present invention has a special design with three vertical columns, one main column and two auxiliary columns, joined in its lower part by three underwater pontoons, two lateral pontoons and a posterior transversal pontoon, of which the lateral pontoons join the main column with each of the auxiliary columns, while the transversal pontoon will join the auxiliary columns with each other. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2644169A1
    申请号:ES201630681
    申请日:2016-05-26
    公开日:2017-11-27
    发明作者:Juan AMATE LÓPEZ；Gonzalo Alfonso GONZÁLEZ ALMERÍA；Gustavo DACIO SÁNCHEZ
    申请人:Iberdrola Ingenieria y Construccion SA；Iberdrola Renovables Energia SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    SEMISUMERGIBLE PLATFORM FOR MARINE AEROGENERATORS
    D E S C R I P C I O N
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention consists of a semi-submersible floating platform designed to directly withstand the efforts generated by a high power wind turbine (5 MW or greater) on it but also to generate sufficient inertia in the float that guarantees the stability of the set of the semi-submersible platform and the wind turbine throughout its useful life and according to the conditions of the selected site. These efforts are mainly due to the force of the wind that acts on the turbine and that are transmitted along the tower to the floating platform, as well as the effect of the sea on the floating structure itself (waves, currents, tides, marine growth , etc).
    The object of the invention is a semi-submersible platform that has been developed with an extremely optimized geometry (especially in comparison with other designs existing in the market) and that has a low center of variable gravity, which improves stability and allows reaching a excellent behavior in the sea that provides its design thanks to having a great inertia in the flotation. This variation in the height of the center of gravity is achieved thanks to the introduction of horizontal joints or pontoons that join the vertical columns together in their lower part (and submerged) and thus guarantee their optimum stability in all types of conditions.
    The semi-submersible platform defined in the present invention has a geometry that has three horizontal submarine pontoons that join together by the bottom of three vertical columns that emerge above the water, of which one of them, the so-called main column, serves to support the tower that supports the wind turbine, as well as the power cables, the main access system and various auxiliary systems necessary both for the correct operation of the floating unit and for its correct marine marking. One of these pontoons, the so-called posterior transverse pontoon, has been conceived in order to be able to largely compensate for the movement of pitch rotation caused by the
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    wind turbine thrust, which is also conditioned by the effect of the waves on the platform (compensating or increasing the effect of the wind depending on its direction). In addition, the implementation of this transverse pontoon allows reducing the scaling of the remaining pontoons, increasing the ballast capacity and avoiding the need to use damping plates (or specifically in this case "heave plates") to counteract the effect of the waves and consequently the movement of vertical oscillation or of arfada.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Semi-submersible platforms designed to support marine wind turbines that have several vertical columns (three or four generally) are known in the state of the art, which serve both to directly support the efforts generated by the wind turbine on it and also to generate enough inertia in the flotation that guarantees the stability of the platform, where said columns are joined in different ways, either at the bottom, or at the top or both.
    Among the above is the patent application with publication number EP2789847A1 that presents three polygonal columns joined at the bottom by two pontoons, where one of the columns has a tower that supports a wind turbine.
    The patent with publication number EP2727813A1 is also known, which discloses a floating platform for marine wind turbines that includes at least three circular columns with horizontal reinforcements at the top and bottom of the columns. The columns have the main function of providing stability to the platform by means of an active ballast system, which tries to compensate the movements produced by the force of the wind and those of the platform, also due to the forces of the waves and currents. The columns have water trap plates / damping plates, rigidly mounted at the lower end of each of the stabilizer columns.The wind turbine is arranged directly on one of the stabilizer columns, the other being two independent of this and forming an angle between 40 to 90 degrees.
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    The previous configurations have a disadvantage of high manufacturing costs, since in the case of the EP2789847A1 patent due to the large dimensions of the structure, the structural weight is markedly increased and ultimately the manufacturing and installation costs. On the other hand, in the case of the EP2727813A1 patent, the installation of additional elements such as stabilizing plates is required to counteract and dampen the arfada movements and the accelerations of the platform, in addition to structural reinforcements (arranged as horizontal reinforcing bars that join the columns with each other both near their upper zone and near their lower zone, but which are also braced by reinforcing bars that go from the middle part of these horizontal bars towards the main columns), which significantly increases their structural weight and its complexity at the time of fabrication, which leads to an increase in the associated costs of the platform. In addition, in this case, by having a ballast system that will be active throughout the lifespan of the platform, motion measurement sensors will be needed to monitor the position of the platform and thereby provide the necessary information to transfer the ballast from one tank to another in the stabilizer columns. A failure of this system could reduce or cause a cessation of the operation of the wind turbine if the maximum angles to which it operates are exceeded.
    All these inconveniences are solved with the design of the semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines that is presented and described in the present invention.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines that comprises three columns joined in its lower part by means of three pontoons and which is intended for the use of the marine wind resource.
    The semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines of the present invention comprises three vertical columns, a main column that will be on which a single wind turbine will be housed and two auxiliary columns, joined at the bottom
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    by means of three pontoons, two lateral pontoons that join each of the auxiliary columns with the main column and a posterior transverse pontoon that will join the two auxiliary columns together.
    The columns, main and auxiliary, guarantee the good behavior of the platform at sea providing sufficient inertia in the flotation, while the pontoons, in addition to being designed as a structural element, provide stability to the platform through a ballast system arranged in its interior, with which you can achieve the necessary draft levels not only for its operation in open water but also for its afloat, transport and subsequent installation.
    This ballast system is conceived as a ballast system adaptable to the different transport, installation and operation operations, however, the ballast will remain constant according to the tanks arranged for this purpose during each of these phases, except for the installation phase. in which precisely the transport ballast will be varied to adapt it to the final ballast used during the operation of the unit in open water. For this purpose, tanks whose dimensions are adapted to the global ballasting needs of the platform in each of the phases mentioned above have been arranged, so that the need to have variable or partially filled ballast tanks that cause stability problems is avoided due to the effects of free surfaces free of water, which could also affect the dynamic behavior of the unit. On the other hand, avoiding the need to have additional active elements to those of the wind turbine reduces the inherent risk during the operation phase. This ballast system provides a value of the center of gravity lower than that of most existing semi-submersible platforms today, and ultimately provides an improvement in the stability of the semi-submersible platform without using an active ballast system , as is the case with many of the platforms mentioned above in the review of the state of the art.
    The rear transverse pontoon of the semi-submersible platform provides greater ballasting capacity in the lower part of the platform, lowering its center of gravity and consequently increasing stability, especially in transport conditions, also allowing to compensate for the effect of “trimming” that
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    It is produced by the tug of the tugs and by the wind turbine's own weight. Additionally, this posterior transverse pontoon partially compensates for the movement of pitch rotation caused by the thrust of the wind turbine during the operation phase, which is also conditioned by the effect of the swell on the platform (compensating or increasing the effect of the wind depending on its direction). It will also help to reduce the needs of scanting in the side pontoons, facilitating the manufacturing process of the platform and reducing the total steel weight of the platform. On the other hand, due to the improvement in the dynamic behavior of the semi-submersible platform due to the presence of the posterior transverse pontoon, it is not necessary to use damping plates or specifically in this case "heave plates" of the platform movement in severe sea states.
    In addition, the large ballast capacity located in the lower zone allows for greater stability at low drafts, by reducing the height of the center of gravity of the platform. This is a great advantage over previous designs in the state of the art, which have required auxiliary flotation systems for their fleet and transport.
    The vertical columns of the platform, both the main and the auxiliary ones, have a square and rounded section in their vertices preferably, where each of the outer sides of the main column preferably forms an angle of 45 ° with the direction of the axis longitudinal of the platform, while the auxiliary columns are oriented so that they follow the longitudinal direction of the lower pontons that join them with the vertical column. Thanks to this geometry of the columns (the columns comprise areas of union between the sides of the columns, where said areas of union have an arc-shaped generatrix) the concentration of stresses caused by the use of square or rectangular sections is reduced completely. Both characteristics, shape of the columns and orientation, reduce manufacturing costs (especially in comparison with cylindrical geometries) and improve the response of the platform in terms of structural requirements and dynamic behavior both in operating conditions and in transport and installation by reducing the impact on the design of external forces applied to vertical columns.
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    The semi-submersible platform has a tower arranged on the main column on which the marine wind turbine will be supported. This provision has been chosen both to facilitate the transmission of stresses in the structure and the assembly and assembly operations of the wind turbine on the platform. Additionally, in this main column there is a main access system that facilitates the maintenance operations of both the platform and the wind turbine. This access system must be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of the site, so as to guarantee us a level of accessibility appropriate to the characteristics of the proposed installation, even being able to have several access systems if this justifies a greater degree of accessibility and that with it the ratios of total availability of the installation can be improved. Regarding its relative location on the platforms, it is planned that this access system / s be located in the column, although other configurations can be given depending on the variability of the directionality of waves, wind and currents.
    The columns also have glues of anchoring lines of a funding system arranged in an outer perimeter thereof, a mechanimo of actuation thereof and a box of chains and estopors arranged in an upper base thereof in a protected area to avoid human and material damage to the platform.
    The angle between the side pontoons has been optimized to achieve a better behavior at sea, focusing this study mainly on the condition of operation although the manufacturing, transport and installation phases have also been taken into account, defining an angle between 60 ° and 90 °, most of the time being 60 °, this angle being arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal direction of the platform.
    The dimensions of the semi-submersible platform can be varied slightly looking for the optimal configuration depending mainly on the specific conditions of the selected site (meta-oceanic and wind conditions) and the wind turbine power arranged on it. Within the same location, it has been shown that the selected configuration does not vary significantly with depth, which is a great advantage added, of
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    facing the standardization of all processes, especially manufacturing, which can affect very positively to reduce the total costs of the platform
    The semi-submersible platform has sufficient buoyancy and is stable in itself, facilitating towing operations with the pre-installed wind turbine, requiring in most cases the use of conventional tugboats only.
    Due to its buoyancy and stability, the operation of afloat may be carried out in different scenarios either by flooding a dry dock, or by other procedures such as the use of a conventional harrow adjacent to a dike and elevation systems to move the platform and introduce it into the water or the inclined stand (slipway). This configuration also allows great versatility in the assembly processes of the tower and the wind turbine, which can be done in different ways depending on the lifting capacity of the available means of the shipyard, such as: assembly in harrow, in flooded dry dock or in dry dock. Another important advantage achieved with the disposition chosen, because the wind turbine is placed in the main column, so that the unit can be located next to the dike thus reducing the lifting needs of the cranes, which has an important impact on both the cost as in the risks associated with these lifting operations and facilitating assembly, operation and maintenance activities. This does not happen for example in those cases where the turbine is arranged in the central area of the platform, where the lifting capacity necessary for the assembly and installation of the tower and the wind turbine would be much greater since the distance / radius of Crane work will be significantly higher.
    The platforms can be manufactured and assembled completely in port, assembling the wind turbine on the main platform in a shipyard and later towing the assembly to its installation site. Once the assembly has been towed to its installation site, it will be connected to the anchoring system, which should have been previously installed. The semi-submersible platform will be anchored in the seabed by means of a catenary system, these being anchored (by using the so-called "dredging anchors") or piloted according to the specific conditions of the sea floor of the selected site.
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    In summary, some of the advantages of this semi-submersible platform solution are:
    - Low structural weight compared to other solutions currently on the market
    - Good behavior at sea, which guarantees the proper functioning of the wind turbine.
    - Easy fabrication, transportation and installation, given its optimized configuration and its structure without reinforcement beams that simplify its design, thereby reducing the total associated costs.
    - Standardized design thanks to an extremely simple geometry and following a “shipbuilding philosophy”, which facilitates its manufacture in blocks / modules, and thanks to this it can be manufactured semi-automatically thanks to simple automated processes that also do not require of large ships, due to the small size of the raised blocks, which also leads to a reduction in total manufacturing costs.
    Claims 1 to 10 of the present invention are considered included by reference in this description.
    The work that has allowed this invention to be carried out has received funding from the Seventh Framework Program of the European Union under the agreement SCP2 - GA-2.013-614.020.
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    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines of the present invention.
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    Figure 2 shows a plan view of Figure 1.
    Figure 3 shows an elevation view of Figure 1.
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    Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the distribution of the ballast of the platform in transport condition.
    Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the distribution of the ballast of the platform in operation condition.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    Next, the semi-submersible platform of the present invention will be described in detail.
    The semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines of the present invention is formed by three vertical columns (1, 2), a main column (1) and two auxiliary columns (2), joined at the bottom by means of three pontoons (3, 4 ), two side pontoons (3) and a rear transverse pontoon (4) and a single wind turbine (5) supported by a tower (6) that is placed on the main column (1).
    Each of the side pontoons (3) joins the main column with each of the auxiliary columns (2), while the rear transverse pontoon (4) joins the two auxiliary columns (2) together.
    Both the vertical columns (1, 2) and the lower pontoons (3, 4) have an internal ballast system, in no case is this system an active ballast system. This means that the platform has been designed to have a fixed ballast system during the transport and operation phases. However, the platform will have a pump and pipe system that allows the ballast system to be adjusted to the preset levels for the different marine operations (especially necessary during the installation operation) to achieve the necessary draft under these conditions. In addition, there will be parti- cles that allow the transfer of water inside, in case it is necessary to transfer the water from a ballast tank for its revision and maintenance.
    A perspective view of the distribution of the ballast of the platform in transport condition is shown in Figure 4 and in Figure 5 a view is shown in
    perspective of the distribution of the ballast of the platform in condition of operation, where the darker zones symbolize the zones that are full of ballast.
    Each of the columns (1, 2), both the main (1) and the auxiliary (2), will have 5 a square section with four sides (7, 8), of which two are considered exterior (7) and two interiors (8). The edges of these columns will be rounded, in order to reduce the external efforts produced. The side pontoons (3) will be arranged at an angle of between 60 ° and 90 ° to each other, most of the time they will be 60 °, placing the longitudinal axis of the platform at the midpoint. The main column 10 (1) will be arranged so that all its sides are at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the platform, while the auxiliary columns (2) will be arranged in such a way that two of its sides The lateral pontonas (3) (each auxiliary column (2) with respect to its adjacent lateral pontoon) are in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of each.
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    The columns (1, 2) have curved joining areas (9) between the sides (7, 8) thereof, where said joining areas (9) have a generatrix with an arc shaped circle designed to improve the structure behavior without over-cost its construction
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    The wind turbine (5) will be placed on a tower (6) that will be arranged above the main column (1). This main column will additionally have a main access system (11). This main access system must be located in the main column in which the wind turbine is installed, although other configurations can be given depending on the variability of the directionality of waves, wind and specific currents of each site.
    The vertical columns (1, 2) also have glues (12) for the anchoring lines (13), which will start from boxes of chains and estopores (14) (also called "fairleads" in English) located in the top of the columns (1,2).
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
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    R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
    1. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines comprising three columns (1, 2), a main column (1) and two auxiliary columns (2), joined at the bottom by means of three pontoons (3, 4), two pontoons lateral (3) and a posterior transverse pontoon (4), characterized in that each of the lateral pontoons (3) join the main column (1) with an auxiliary column (2) and where the posterior transverse pontoon (4) joins between if the two auxiliary columns (2), where the semi-submersible platform comprises a single wind turbine (5) arranged in the main column (1).
    [2]
    2. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a longitudinal direction defined perpendicular to the posterior transverse pontoon (4), where the columns (1, 2) comprise four sides (7, 8) forming a section square, where the four sides of the main column (1), form an angle of 45 ° with the longitudinal direction of the platform, and where two of the sides (7) of the auxiliary columns (2) are parallel to a longitudinal direction of the lateral pontoon (3) adjacent to said auxiliary column (2).
    [3]
    3. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to claim 2 characterized in that the angle between side pontoons (3) is 60 °, this angle being arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal direction of the platform.
    [4]
    4. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to claim 2 characterized in that the side (7) of the auxiliary columns (2) that is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the side pontoon (3) is adjacent to said auxiliary column (2).
    [5]
    5. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to claim 2 characterized in that the square section of the columns (1, 2) has curved areas (9) of union between the sides (7, 8).
    [6]
    6. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to any of the
    previous claims characterized in that both vertical columns (1, 2) and pontoons (3, 4) comprise a ballast system arranged inside.
    [7]
    7. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to claim 2 5 characterized in that the ballast system is an inactive ballast system during the
    Operation and transportation of the platform.
    [8]
    8. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a tower (6) arranged
    10 between the wind turbine (5) and the main column (1).
    [9]
    9. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to claim 8 characterized in that it comprises a main access system (11) in the main column (1).
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    [10]
    10. - Semi-submersible platform for marine wind turbines according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the columns (1, 2) also comprise glues (12) of anchoring lines (13) of a anchoring system arranged in an outer perimeter of the same (1, 2) and a box of chains and
    20 estopores (14) arranged in an upper base thereof (1, 2).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2644169B1|2018-09-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20130224020A1|2010-11-04|2013-08-29|The University Of Maine System Board Of Trustees|Floating Hybrid Composite Wind Turbine Platform and Tower System|
    EP2789850A1|2011-12-05|2014-10-15|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.|Floating type wind power generation device|
    US20150147174A1|2012-01-23|2015-05-28|Mhi Vestas Offshore Wind A/S|Coordinated control of a floating wind turbine|GB2583633B|2019-02-12|2021-06-02|Aker Solutions As|Floater for a wind energy power plant|
    法律状态:
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